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| bwv = 40 | type = Christmas cantata | image = Thomaskirche Interior.jpg | caption = Thomaskirche, Leipzig | related = base for BWV 233 | occasion = Second Day of Christmas | performed = }} | movements = 8 | bible = | text_poet = anonymous | vocal = | instrumental = }} ''ドイツ語:Darzu ist erschienen der Sohn Gottes'' (For this the Son of God appeared), , is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed it in 1723, his first year in Leipzig, for the Second Day of Christmas, and first performed it on 26 December that year in both main churches, Thomaskirche and Nikolaikirche. It was the first Christmas cantata Bach composed for Leipzig. The title of the cantata also appears in more modern German as ''ドイツ語:Dazu ist erschienen der Sohn Gottes''. The theme of the work is Jesus as the conqueror of the works of the devil, who is frequently mentioned as the serpent. The music is festively scored, using two horns, similar to Part IV of Bach's later ''Christmas Oratorio''. The text by an unknown poet is organised in eight movements, beginning with a choral movement on the biblical text, followed by a sequence of recitatives and arias which is structured as three stanzas from three different hymns. Only two of these hymns are Christmas carols. Bach used the opening chorus for the concluding ''ラテン語:Cum Sancto Spiritu'' in his 1738 ''Missa in F major'', BWV 233. == History == Bach composed the cantata in his first year in Leipzig, for the Second Day of Christmas. On this day Leipzig celebrated Christmas and St. Stephen's Day in alternating years, with different readings. In 1723, St. Stephen's Day was remembered, with the prescribed readings for the feast day from the Acts of the Apostles, the Martyrdom of Stephen (, ), and from the Gospel of Matthew, Jerusalem killing her prophets (). The cantata text by an unknown author is not related to the martyrdom, but generally reflects Jesus as the conqueror of sin and the works of the devil. The text quotes the Bible in movement 1, a verse from the First Epistle of John (). The contemporary poetry alludes to the Bible several times. Movement 2 is based on the Gospel of John (). Movement 5 reflects the creation narrative (); the image of the serpent is also used in movements 4 and 6. Movement 7 finally picks up a line from the day's Gospel, verse 37, "how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings". No fewer than three chorale stanzas from three different hymns are part of the structure: movement 3 is stanza 3 from Kaspar Füger's "ドイツ語:Wir Christenleut" (1592); movement 6 is stanza 2 from Paul Gerhardt's "Schwing dich auf zu deinem Gott" (1648); and the closing chorale is the fourth (final) stanza from Christian Keymann's "ドイツ語:Freuet euch, ihr Christen alle" (1646). This is unusual; many of Bach's cantatas include only one chorale stanza for a conclusion, and the cantata performed a day before, ドイツ語:''Christen, ätzet diesen Tag'', BWV 63, an early work composed in Weimar, contained no chorale at all. During the 1723 Christmas season, Bach used the structural device of three chorale stanzas, otherwise rare in his cantatas, twice more, in ドイツ語:''Sehet, welch eine Liebe hat uns der Vater erzeiget'', BWV 64, and in ドイツ語:''Schau, lieber Gott, wie meine Feind'', BWV 153. He used the structuring of major works in scenes which are closed by chorale later in his Passions and in his ''Christmas Oratorio''. In this cantata, the first insertion is from a hymn that Bach would later use at the end of Part III of his Christmas Oratorio, sung to the earlier melody (1589) by an anonymous composer. The second insertion is not from a Christmas hymn, but its addressing the "alte Schlange" (old serpent) matches the context. It is sung to a melody possibly composed by Friedrich Funcke. The closing chorale is sung to a melody by Andreas Hammerschmidt, published in his collection ''ドイツ語:Vierter Theill Musicalischer Andachten'' (Fourth part of musical meditations) in Freiberg, Saxony (1646). The cantata was the first Christmas cantata composed for Leipzig. Bach first performed it on 26 December 1723, and once more, in either 1746 or 1747. For the Christmas season of 1723, from the First Day of Christmas to Epiphany, Bach had performed a program of six cantatas, five of them new compositions, and two major other choral works: * 25 December * * Main service: ドイツ語:''Christen, ätzet diesen Tag'', BWV 63 and a new Sanctus in D major, BWV 238 * * vespers service, BWV 63 and the Magnificat in E-flat major, BWV 243a * 26 December: this cantata * 27 December: ドイツ語:''Sehet, welch eine Liebe hat uns der Vater erzeiget'', BWV 64 * 1 January: ドイツ語:''Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied'', BWV 190 * 2 January: ドイツ語:''Schau, lieber Gott, wie meine Feind'', BWV 153 * 6 January: ドイツ語:''Sie werden aus Saba alle kommen'', BWV 65 The cantatas were performed twice on the principal feast days, in the main service, alternating in one of the two major churches of Leipzig Thomaskirche and Nikolaikirche, and in the vespers service in the other. Bach parodied the first movement of this cantata for the ''ラテン語:Cum Sancto Spiritu'' fugue in his 1738 ''Missa in F major'', BWV 233. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Darzu ist erschienen der Sohn Gottes, BWV 40」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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